Methodology

Updated July 17, 2002

Adam, A. K. M. What is Postmodern Biblical Criticism? Guides to Biblical Scholarship. Philadelphia: Augsburg/Fortress, 19--.

Aichele, George. Sign, Text, Scripture: Semiotics and the Bible. Interventions, 1. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.

Alter, Robert. The Art of Biblical Narrative. Basic, 19--.

Alter, Robert, and Frank Kermode, eds. The Literary Guide to the Bible. Cambridge: Belknap, 1987.

Baker, David W., and Bill T. Arnold. The Face of Old Testament Studies: A Survey of
Contemporary Approaches
. Grand Rapids: Baker/Leicester: Apollos, 1999. 

Barton, John. Reading the Old Testament: Method in Biblical Study. Rev. ed. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 1997.

Bodine, Walter R., ed. Discourse Analysis of Biblical Literature: What It Is and What It Offers.
SBLSS. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1995.

Boer, Roland. Knockin' On Heaven's Door: The Hebrew Bible and Cultural Criticism. New York: Routledge, 1999.

Breck, John. The Shape of Biblical Language: Chiasmus in the Scriptures and Beyond. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1994.

Brotzman, Ellis R. Old Testament Textual Criticism: A Practical Introduction. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1994.

Brown, Raymond E. The Critical Meaning of the Bible. Mahwah, New Jersey: Paulist, 1981.

Brown, Robert McAfee. Unexpected News: Reading the Bible with Third World Eyes. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 1984.

Brueggemann, Walter, and Hans Walter Wolff. The Vitality of Old Testament Traditions. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 1978.

Chalcraft, David A., ed.  Social-Scientific Old Testament Criticism: A Sheffield Reader.
The Biblical Seminar 47; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997. 

Cross, Frank Moore. From Epic to Canon: History and Literature in
Ancient Israel
. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.

Davies, Philip R. Scribes and Schools: The Canonization of the Hebrew Scriptures. Library of Ancient Israel. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 1998.

Dockery, David S.; Kenneth A. Matthews; and Robert B. Sloan; eds. Foundations for Biblical Interpretation. Nashville: Broadman, 19--.

Elliott, John H. What is Social-Scientific Criticism? Guides to Biblical Scholarship. Philadelphia: Augsburg/Fortress, 19--.

Exum, J. Cheryl, and David J. A. Clines. The New Literary Criticism and the Hebrew Bible. Trinity, 19--.

Fishbane, Michael. Biblical Interpretation in Ancient Israel. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985.

Gabel, John B.; Charles B. Wheeler; and Anthony D. York. The Bible as Literature: An Introduction. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

Gibson, J. C. L. Language and Imagery in the Old Testament. Herndon, Virginia: SPCK, 1998.

Goldfajn, Tal. Word Order and Time in Biblical Hebrew Narrative. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Goldingay, John. Approaches to Old Testament Interpretation. InterVarsity, 19--.

Gorman, Michael J. Elements of Biblical Exegesis: A Basic Guide for Students and Ministers. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 2001.

Gunn, David, and Danna Nolan Fewell. Narrative in the Hebrew Bible. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

Habel, Norman. Literary Criticism of the Old Testament. Guides to Biblical Scholarship. Philadelphia: Augsburg/Fortress, 1971.

Hallo, William W., and K. Lawson Younger, Jr., eds. The Context of Scripture: Canonical Compositions from the Biblical World. Leiden/New York/Cologne: Brill, 1997.

Hayes, John H., ed. Old Testament Form Criticism. San Antonio: Trinity University Press, 1974.

Hayes, John H., and Carl R. Holladay. Biblical Exegesis: A Beginner's Handbook. Rev. ed. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 1987.

House, Paul, ed. Beyond Form Criticism: Essays in Old Testament Literary Criticism. Eisenbrauns, 19--.

Kaiser, Otto, and Werner G. Kummel. Exegetical Method: A Student's Handbook. Translated by E. V. N. Goetchius. New York: Seabury, 1963.

Kaiser, Otto. Studien zur Literaturgeschichte des Alten Testaments. Forschung zur Bibel 90. Würzburg: Echter Verlag, 2000. 

Kille, D. Andrew. Psychological Biblical Criticism. Guides to Biblical Scholarship. Minneapolis: Fortress, 2001.

Knight, Douglas A., ed. Tradition and Theology in the Old Testament. Philadelphia: Augsburg/Fortress, 1977.

Knight, Douglas A., and Gene M. Tucker. The Hebrew Bible and Its Modern Interpreters. Philadelphia: Augsburg/Fortress, 19--.

Koch, Klaus. The Growth of the Biblical Tradition: The Form-Critical Method. Translated by S. M. Cupitt. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1969.

Krentz, Edgar. The Historical-Critical Method. Guides to Biblical Scholarship. Philadelphia: Augsburg/Fortress, 1975.

Kugel, James. The Bible As It Was. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997.

Kugel, James. In Potiphar's House: The Interpretive Life of Biblical Texts. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994.

Kugel, James. Traditions of the Bible: A Guide to the Bible As It Was at the Start of the Common Era. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998.

Lance, H. Darrell. The Old Testament and the Archaeologist. Guides to Biblical Scholarship. Philadelphia: Augsburg/Fortress, 19--.

Levenson, Jon D. The Hebrew Bible, the Old Testament, and Historical Criticism: Jews and Christians in Biblical Studies. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 1993.

Levison, John R., and Priscilla Pope-Levison, eds. Return to Babel: Global Perspectives on the Bible. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 1998.

Marguerat, Daniel, and Yvan Bourquin. How to Read Bible Stories: An Introduction to
Narrative Criticism
. Translated by John Bowden. London: SCM Press, 1999. 

Mays, James L.; David L. Petersen; and Kent H. Richards; eds. Old Testament Interpretation: Past, Present and Future. Nashville: Abingdon, 19--.

McCarter, P. Kyle, Jr. Textual Criticism: Recovering the Text of the Hebrew Bible. Guides to Biblical Scholarship. Philadelphia: Augsburg/Fortress, 19--.

McKenzie, Steven L., and Stephen R. Haynes, eds. To Each Its Own Meaning: An Introduction to Biblical Criticisms and Their Application. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 1993.

McKnight, Edgar V. What is Form Criticism? Guides to Biblical Scholarship. Philadelphia: Augsburg/Fortress, 1969.

McQuay, Earl P. Keys to Interpreting the Bible. Nashville: Broadman, 19--.

Miller, J. Maxwell. The Old Testament and the Historian. Guides to Biblical Scholarship. Philadelphia: Augsburg/Fortress, 1976.

Miller, John W. The Origins of the Bible: Rethinking Canon History. Mahwah, New Jersey: Paulist, 19--.

Minkoff, Harvey. Approaches to the Bible: The Best of Bible Review. Vol. 2. Washington, DC: Biblical Archaeology Society Press, 1994.

Montague, George T. Understanding the Bible: A Basic Introduction to Biblical Interpretation. Mahwah, New Jersey: Paulist, 19--.

Morgan, Robert, and John Barton. Biblical Interpretation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 19--.

Nahkola, Aulikki.  Double Narratives in the Old Testament: The Foundations of Method in Biblical Criticism. Beiheft zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 290. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2001.

Neusner, Jacob. What is Midrash? Guides to Biblical Scholarship. Philadelphia: Augsburg/Fortress,

Niditch, Susan. Folklore and the Hebrew Bible. Guides to Biblical Scholarship. Philadelphia: Augsburg/Fortress, 19--.

Niditch, Susan. Oral World and Written Word. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 1996.

Overholt, Thomas W. Cultural Anthropology and the Old Testament. Guides to Biblical Scholarship. Philadelphia: Augsburg/Fortress, 19--.

Perrin, Norman. What is Redaction Criticism? Guides to Biblical Scholarship. Philadelphia: Augsburg/Fortress, 1969.

Petersen, David L., and Kent H. Richards. Interpreting Hebrew Poetry. Guides to Biblical Scholarship. Philadelphia: Augsburg/Fortress, 19--.

Powell, Mark A. What is Narrative Criticism? Guides to Biblical Scholarship. Philadelphia: Augsburg/Fortress,, 19--.

von Rad, Gerhard. The Form-Critical Problem of the Hexateuch and Other Essays. Translated by E. W. Trueman Dicken. London: SCM, 1966.

Ralph, Margaret Nutting. "And God Said What?" An Introduction to Biblical Literary Forms for Bible Lovers. Mahwah, New Jersey, 19--.

Rast, Walter E. Tradition History and the Old Testament. Guides to Biblical Scholarship. Philadelphia: Augsburg/Fortress, 19--.

de Regt, Lenart J. Participants in Old Testament Texts and the Translator: Reference Devices and their Rhetorical Impact. Studia Semitica Neerlandica. Assen: Van Gorcum, 1999.

Robertson, David. The Old Testament and the Literary Critic. Guides to Biblical Scholarship. Philadelphia: Augsburg/Fortress, 1977.

Sæbø, Magne. On the Way to Canon: Creative Tradition History in the Old Testament.
JSOTSup 191. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1998.

Sanders, James A. Canon and Community: A Guide to Canonical Criticism. Guides to Biblical Scholarship. Philadelphia: Augsburg/Fortress, 19--.

Sandy, D. Brent, and Ronald L. Giese, Jr. Cracking the Old Testament Codes. Nashville: Broadman, 19--.

Soulen, Richard N. Handbook of Biblical Criticism. 2nd ed. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 1981.

Stuart, Douglas. Old Testament Exegesis: A Primer for Students and Pastors. 2nd ed. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 1984.

Thoma, Clemens, and Michael Wyschogrod, eds. Understanding Scripture: Explorations of Jewish and Christian Traditions of Interpretation. Mahwah, New Jersey: Paulist, 19--.

Thorpe, Samuel. A Handbook for Basic Biblical Exegesis. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1999.

Tiffany, Frederick C., and Sharon H. Ringe. Biblical Interpretation: A Roadmap. Nashville: Abingdon, 19--.

Trible, Phyllis. Rhetorical Criticism. Guides to Biblical Scholarship. Philadelphia: Augsburg/Fortress, 19--.

Tucker, Gene M. Form Criticism of the Old Testament. Guides to Biblical Scholarship. Philadelphia: Augsburg/Fortress, 19--.

VanGemeren, Willem A., ed. New International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology and Exegesis. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1998.

Walton, John H. Ancient Israelite Literature in its Cultural Context. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 19--.

Wurthwein, Ernst. The Text of the Old Testament: An Introduction to the Biblia Hebraica. Translated by Erroll F. Rhodes. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1979.

Introductory Notes

Outlines

Bibliography

Charts and Other Helps

Glossary

Pictures

Maps

Related Websites

Acknowledgments